Published: September 19th, 2023,
Last updated: September 29th, 2023
The Spanish EU Presidency warns of dependence on China regarding lithium-ion batteries and fuel cells. Without countermeasures, the EU could become as dependent on China in these areas by 2030 as it was on Russia for its energy supply before the war in Ukraine. This is according to a strategy paper drafted for the EU heads of state and government.