Russia overtook Saudi Arabia as China’s main crude oil supplier in 2023. According to Chinese customs data, Moscow delivered a record 107.02 million tons of crude oil to China last year, equivalent to 2.14 million barrels per day (bpd). This was far more than other major oil exporters such as Saudi Arabia and Iraq. In contrast, China’s imports from Saudi Arabia, previously its top supplier, decreased by 1.8 percent to 85.96 million tonnes.