Published: November 2nd, 2023,
Last updated: May 28th, 2025

According to the Indian Meteorological Department (IMD), the conclusion of the Indian summer monsoon from June to September, which officially ended on October 19, is that rainfall was „normal.“ But a closer look at the numbers shows that the categories of „normal,“ „below normal,“ or „above normal“ used by the meteorological department against a benchmark „long period average“ for their forecasts are no longer fit for purpose because they do not take into account the effects of climate change and air pollution.