The words of UN Secretary-General António Guterres were clear: To „keep global climate targets alive“, „every country must submit economy-wide nationally determined contributions (NDCs) that are oriented towards the 1.5-degree limit“, he said in a speech at COP29. The G20, as the largest emitters, must lead the way in this and in the fossil fuel phase-out. Global emissions must „decrease by nine percent annually by 2030“. A clear mandate to the countries to tighten up the current NDCs, which are valid until 2030, and also to set ambitious targets for the third round of NDCs (NDC 3.0), which will then be valid until 2035. At COP29, some countries have already submitted new NDCs – including G20 members Brazil and the UK. However, the results are rather mixed.