Many of the voluntary climate initiatives and pledges presented at COP28 are neither new nor detailed enough to make a significant contribution to reducing greenhouse gas emissions by 2030. This is the result of an analysis by the Climate Action Tracker. According to the analysis, since the start of COP28, 74 new „pledges and declarations“ or climate action initiatives have been announced. Of the total emission reductions that could be achieved through these commitments, one-quarter are not new and are already part of national climate action plans (NDCs), and half are difficult to achieve unless the initiatives are better designed. Only one-quarter is considered new and achievable, according to the analysis.