Critical raw materials: the EU member states’ strategies

With the Raw Materials Initiative, the European Commission formulated a strategy for the first time in 2008 – with the aim of securing the supply of non-energy raw materials in the EU. Since then, European raw materials policy has been based on three pillars, which are also reflected in national debates: diversifying sources of primary raw materials from third countries, strengthening domestic sources of supply, and strengthening resource efficiency and the circular economy.