Published: February 2nd, 2025,
Last updated: May 28th, 2025

The year 2024 will go down as an annus horribilis in the political annals of France: Four heads of government in one year, the last time this happened was in 1934. Then the discovery of an abysmal deficit and still no national budget. The situation is so desolate that Prime Minister François Bayrou announced that the national budget could possibly be passed through parliament today without a vote by an exception in the French constitution.