Published: December 4th, 2023,
Last updated: May 28th, 2025

With overseas territories in the Indo-Pacific and a long presence in former colonies in West Africa, France has a more global security policy than Germany, but in future it wants to make a stronger presence in Europe and NATO. The French armed forces will leave Niger by the end of the year, compared to 1,500 in September and the end of Operation Barkhane in Mali in 2022, in which 4,500 French soldiers were deployed at times. The French are increasingly less welcome in their former West African colonies.