The ruling against Shell served as a model for many other climate lawsuits against large companies – but now the oil giant is challenging it in court. Hearings began on Tuesday, again in The Hague, as in 2021. At that time, a court ordered the company to reduce its emissions by 45 percent by 2030 compared to 2019 levels. The greenhouse gas emissions resulting from the use of Shell’s products – known as Scope 3 emissions – were explicitly included. In the appeal proceedings against the environmental organization Milieudefensie, Shell is seeking to overturn this ruling.